Importancia (numérica) de las variantes diatópicas españolas y su tratamiento en los diccionarios

Abstract

This paper describes the work done by the research team FRASYTRAM (Fraseología Y Traducción Multilingüe) at the University of Alicante, which is creating a database specialised in fixed verbal constructions (FVC) aiming at being as exhaustive as possible. This database is 29000 records rich. 9000 of them are related to FVC from different Latin American countries and 20900 have been collected from Spanish dictionaries. The Spanish dictionaries used for creating the database only contain 1000 diatopic FVC coming from Latin America, even if two of them (Diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua and Diccionario de Uso del Español de María Moliner) are considered reference works in Spain and Latin America. We have studied Latin American dictionaries and have identified 8100 Latin American FVC that are not registered in Spanish dictionaries. This number should increase as we have not yet finished the stage of extraction. These FVC are analysed in order to study how they are treated in Spanish and Latin American dictionaries. In this paper we analyse parasynonyms related to „llover mucho, con fuerza, intensamente“ identified in the Spanish and Latin American dictionaries and on the Internet. It is a frequent atmospheric phenomenon in Spain and Latin American countries. In this sense different expressions should be used to describe this concept. In fact, there exist different expressions used in Spain, but are they used in Latin American countries or are they registered in Latin American dictionaries? This paper also aims at identifying expressions which are used in Latin American countries. We have classified the FVC in four groups: -- Spanish FVC registered in Spanish dictionaries: -- [caer, llover] capuchinos de bronce (DDFEJC); [caer, llover] chuzos (de punta) (DUE); [descargar, desgajarse] [el cielo, las nubes] (DUE); llover a mares (DUE); llover a cántaros (DUE); llover a jarros (DUE); llover a mares (DUE); llover más que [cuando, el día que] enterraron [a Zafra, al Zafra] (EPM). -- Spanish FVC identified on the Internet: -- en Navarra y Guipuzcoa, está jareando; en Santiago de Compostela, llover a barriles; en Canarias llover más que cuando se casó Abraham (DEREC); llover más que el año que el barranco se llevó a la puerca (DEREC), etc. -- Latin American FVC registered in Latin American dictionaries: -- [caer, llover] burros aparejados (DDAmer, República Dominicana); caer sapos de punta (DFHA, Argentina); caer sapos panza arriba (DFHA; Argentina); caer soretes de punta (DFHA; Argentina); llover a baldazos (GDHA; Norte de Argentina); llover a baldes (GDHA; Norte de Argentina); estar cayendo [bigornias, pingüinos] de punta (GDHA; Argentina). -- Latin American FVC identified on the internet: -- Abrirse el cielo (Puerto Rico); caer raíles de punta (internet, Cuba); estar cayendo el cielo (internet, Venezuela); estar cayendo un palo/coñazo de agua (internet, Venezuela); estar lloviendo pescados y hasta ballenas (Internet, Guatemala); llover de abajo para arriba (Argentina, Costa Rica); llover sapos y culebras (internet, El Salvador).