Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity
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Title: | Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity |
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Authors: | Shah, Shiraz A. | Erdmann, Susanne | Mojica, Francisco J.M. | Garrett, Roger A. |
Research Group/s: | Microbiología Molecular |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología |
Keywords: | Adaptive immunity | CRISPR | Protospacer | PAM | SAM | TIM |
Knowledge Area: | Microbiología |
Issue Date: | May-2013 |
Publisher: | Landes Bioscience |
Citation: | RNA Biology 2013; 10:891-899; PMID: 23403393; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.23764 |
Abstract: | Protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) were originally characterized for CRISPR-Cas systems that were classified on the basis of their CRISPR repeat sequences. A few short 2–5 bp sequences were identified adjacent to one end of the protospacers. Experimental and bioinformatical results linked the motif to the excision of protospacers and their insertion into CRISPR loci. Subsequently, evidence accumulated from different virus- and plasmid-targeting assays, suggesting that these motifs were also recognized during DNA interference, at least for the recently classified type I and type II CRISPR-based systems. The two processes, spacer acquisition and protospacer interference, employ different molecular mechanisms, and there is increasing evidence to suggest that the sequence motifs that are recognized, while overlapping, are unlikely to be identical. In this article, we consider the properties of PAM sequences and summarize the evidence for their dual functional roles. It is proposed to use the terms protospacer associated motif (PAM) for the conserved DNA sequence and to employ spacer acqusition motif (SAM) and target interference motif (TIM), respectively, for acquisition and interference recognition sites. |
Sponsor: | The research was supported by grants from the Danish Natural Science Research Council, Copenhagen University and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BIO2011-24417). |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/36086 |
ISSN: | 1547-6286 (Print) | 1555-8584 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.4161/rna.23764 |
Language: | eng |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Rights: | This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited. |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.23764 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - Microbiología Molecular - Artículos de Revistas |
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