Determination of Fe, Cu, and Pb in edible oils using choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction associated with microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry
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Title: | Determination of Fe, Cu, and Pb in edible oils using choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction associated with microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry |
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Authors: | Zapater, Cristina | Aguirre Pastor, Miguel Ángel | González-Gallardo, Nerea | Ramón, Diego J. | Vidal, Lorena | Canals, Antonio |
Research Group/s: | Espectroscopía Atómica-Masas y Química Analítica en Condiciones Extremas | Alternative Methodologies In Chemistry (AMIC) |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Orgánica | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Materiales | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Síntesis Orgánica |
Keywords: | Elemental analysis | Vegetable oils | Deep eutectic solvents | Miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction techniques | Greenness assessment | AGREEprep method |
Issue Date: | 26-Mar-2024 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Talanta. 2024, 274: 125939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125939 |
Abstract: | A new simple, fast and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-based DLLME) methodology assisted by vortex is presented for the separation and preconcentration of three elements (i.e., Fe, Cu and Pb) from edible oil samples (i.e., soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame, and olive oil) prior to the determination by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES). The deep eutectic solvent selected as extractant (i.e., choline chloride and ethylene glycol, 1:2) is synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the extraction conditions are optimized by a two steps experimental design. Under the optimum extraction conditions (i.e., diluted sample weight: 8.6 g; DES volume: 100 μL; extraction time: 1 min; centrifugation time and speed: 3 min and 3000 rpm; and dispersion system: vortex) the analytical method presents excellent linearity (i.e., R2 values higher than 0.99) in the range 10–500 μg kg−1, repeatability (i.e., CV values lower than 9.2%), and limits of detection (LOD) values of 3, 2 and 0.7 μg kg−1 for Pb, Fe and Cu, respectively. None of the analytes displayed amounts over the upper limit permitted by law, and recovery values of all analytes evaluated in the different samples using external standard calibration were close to 100%, which excludes significant matrix effects. Finally, AGREEprep metric has been used to evaluate the method greenness (final score of 0.47) and it has been compared successfully with previous publications for the same type of analytes and matrices. |
Sponsor: | This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry (PID2021-1262155OB-I00, PID2021-127332NB-I00); the Regional Government of Valencia (Spain) (CIPROM/2021/062, AICO/2021/013); and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-316FI). |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/141904 |
ISSN: | 0039-9140 (Print) | 1873-3573 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125939 |
Language: | eng |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Rights: | © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125939 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - AMIC - Artículos de Revistas INV - SP-BG - Artículos de Revistas |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Zapater_etal_2024_Talanta.pdf | 3 MB | Adobe PDF | Open Preview | |
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