Volatile organic compounds emitted by Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and its relationship with saproxylic beetle assemblages

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants play a critical role in the structure of the faunal communities that are associated with them. The aim of this work was to provide a detailed list of VOCs emitted by the oak species Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and to analyse the spatio-temporal variation in the emission rates of these compounds and in the diversity of saproxylic beetle assemblages associated with this tree species. VOCs sample collection was carried out by a dynamic flow-through enclosure technique with subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Statistical differences in the emission rates of VOCs and in the diversity of saproxylic beetles were found between seasons. Temperature and relative humidity seemed to be related to these variations. Spatially, neither qualitative nor quantitative statistical differences in the emission of VOCs were found. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated a trend such that larger trees emitted VOCs with higher intensity and hosted a greater diversity of saproxylic beetles. Our hypothesis that beetles responded to certain blends of VOCs emitted at different rates by potential host tress and not so much to the absence or presence of a particular compound was reinforced by the absence of qualitative differences in the VOCs emitted by trees of different sizes. These results open a new field of study, and it will be necessary to become more involved with the subject to evaluate the real influence of these VOCs released by trees in saproxylic beetle assemblages.