Life Cycle Assessment of a Vegetable Tannin-Based Agent Production for Waters Treatment
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Título: | Life Cycle Assessment of a Vegetable Tannin-Based Agent Production for Waters Treatment |
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Autor/es: | Santos, Lucas de Lima Casseres dos | Silva, Jean Bruno Melo | Neves, Luisa Soares | Renato, Natalia dos Santos | Moltó Berenguer, Julia | Conesa, Juan A. | Borges, Alisson Carraro |
Grupo/s de investigación o GITE: | Ingeniería para la Economía Circular (I4CE) | Residuos, Energía, Medio Ambiente y Nanotecnología (REMAN) |
Centro, Departamento o Servicio: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química |
Palabras clave: | LCA | Coagulation/flocculation | Green chemistry | Circular economy | Acacia |
Fecha de publicación: | 29-mar-2024 |
Editor: | MDPI |
Cita bibliográfica: | Water. 2024, 16(7): 1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16071007 |
Resumen: | The scarcity of natural resources makes it essential to develop products that meet environmental requirements. This is also true for the water and wastewater treatment business, where even consolidated processes, such as coagulation and flocculation, must be improved, opening opportunities for searching for alternative options to conventional processes. Among the existing options, tannin-based agents (TBAs) have been highlighted in recent years due to their biodegradability and proven efficiency. However, little is known about the impacts of the production process of these agents on an operational/industrial scale. In this study, an examination of the environmental impacts of the full-scale production (more than 500 tons yearly) of a TBA from Acacia spp. (known as black acacia or mimosa) was carried out. To accomplish this, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed using openLCA version 2.0.0 to assess a cradle-to-gate system of 1 kg of packed TBA produced. Additionally, a comparison was made between the impacts of the production of TBA and a conventional water treatment agent, aluminum sulfate, to verify the benefits of producing the former. The most relevant impacts resulting from the production of 1 kg of TBA are observed in the following categories: global warming (1.52 kgCO2-eq); terrestrial (7.67 kg1.4-DCB-eq), freshwater (0.06 kg1.4-DCB-eq), and marine (0.08 kg1.4-DCB-eq) ecotoxicities; carcinogenic (0.10 kg1.4-DCB-eq) and non-carcinogenic (1.36 kg1.4-DCB-eq) human toxicities; and water use (0.02 m3). The main contributors to the impacts were the chemicals ammonium chloride and formaldehyde used, the transport of inputs, and the energy used. The aluminum sulfate showed better performance than the TBA for a greater number of categories; however, the normalization of the impacts showed the TBA as a very interesting option. The results obtained here can be used by TBA producers to act on the most impactful categories so that the production process becomes increasingly sustainable. |
Patrocinador/es: | This research was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES Finance Code 001 and CAPES PRINT 88887.837337/2023-00) and by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 200945/2022-0 and CNPq 308784/2023-5). |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/142077 |
ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
DOI: | 10.3390/w16071007 |
Idioma: | eng |
Tipo: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Derechos: | © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Revisión científica: | si |
Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.3390/w16071007 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | INV - REMAN - Artículos de Revistas INV - I4CE - Artículos de Revistas |
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Santos_etal_2024_Water.pdf | 2,97 MB | Adobe PDF | Abrir Vista previa | |
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