Ecological interactions between farmed Atlantic salmon and wild Atlantic cod populations in Norway: A review of risk sources and knowledge gaps
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Title: | Ecological interactions between farmed Atlantic salmon and wild Atlantic cod populations in Norway: A review of risk sources and knowledge gaps |
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Authors: | Bøhn, Thomas | Strøm, John F. | Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo | Keeley, Nigel B. | Johansen, Torild | Gjelland, Karl Øystein | Sandlund, Nina | Sæther, Bjørn-Steinar | Sætra, Ingeborg | Olsen, Esben M. | Skjæraasen, Jon E. | Meier, Sonnich | Meeren, Terje van der | Bjørn, Pal-Arne |
Research Group/s: | Biología Marina |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada |
Keywords: | Aquaculture and wild fish interactions | Atlantic salmon | Knowledge strength | Risk sources | Wild Atlantic cod fisheries |
Issue Date: | 27-Feb-2024 |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Citation: | Reviews in Aquaculture. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12899 |
Abstract: | Aquaculture provides an important and expanding source of protein rich and healthy food to the world. However, to minimize environmental harm from aquaculture, interactions with wild fish communities need to be thoroughly assessed. Here, we characterize the existing knowledge pertaining to such interactions, exemplified with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming in open net pens along the Norwegian coast and potential consequences for wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations. Importantly, the wild cod fishery also provides a protein rich, high quality food source with high economic value. We identify seven risk sources that may affect behaviour, physiology, and survival in wild cod. Of particular importance is the large amount of waste feed that causes wild fish to aggregate around farms, thereby altering a multitude of ecological interactions including predation and disease transmission. Moreover, altered food quality in pellets may alter physiological processes and cause mortality to vulnerable life-stages in wild cod. More research is needed on mechanisms and thresholds for harm. As the most important cod fisheries are found in northern Norway, where climate change also is rapid, we expect stronger and potentially more harmful interactions between fish farming and wild cod fisheries as aquaculture continues to expand. We hope that our analysis will inspire further research, on farmed salmon and wild cod interactions, but also on aquaculture and wild fish interactions in general. Such research is fundamental for the development of management systems that can reduce the impact of aquaculture on fisheries and the environment. |
Sponsor: | The article was written with support from NRC grant no. 294631: SALCOD—Impacts of salmon farming on Atlantic cod stocks, and by the Fram Research Program CLEAN. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/141374 |
ISSN: | 1753-5123 (Print) | 1753-5131 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.1111/raq.12899 |
Language: | spa |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Rights: | © 2024 The Authors. Reviews in Aquaculture published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12899 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - BM - Artículos Científicos / Scientific Papers |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Bohn_etal_2024_RevAquac.pdf | 1,71 MB | Adobe PDF | Open Preview | |
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