Using a video-based eye tracker to analyse the binocular near-reflex dynamics response

Abstract

Purpose: This study presents a novel video-based eye-tracking system for analysing the dynamics of the binocular near-reflex response. The system enables the simultaneous measurement of convergence, divergence and pupillary size during accommodation and disaccommodation to aid the comprehensive understanding of the three-component near-reflex. Methods: A high-speed (90 Hz) video-based eye tracker was used to capture changes in eye gaze and pupil radius in 15 participants in response to altering stimulus conditions. An offline analysis involved separating the gaze vector components and pupil radius, which were fitted to a hyperbolic tangent function to characterise the dynamics of the near-reflex process. Results: Significant differences in the temporal parameters of the pupil radius were observed between the near-to-far and far-to-near vision changes, with faster miosis compared with mydriasis. Additionally, differences in response times were found between gaze angle components, with longer convergence times compared to changes in the vertical direction (saccades). The steady-state values of the gaze components and pupil radius were in line with theoretical expectations and previous reports. Conclusions: The proposed system provides a non-invasive, portable and cost-effective method for evaluating near-reflex dynamics under natural viewing conditions using a video-based eye tracker. The sampling rate ensures the accurate assessment of vergence eye movements and pupillary dynamics. By simultaneously measuring eye convergence, divergence and pupil size, the system offers a more comprehensive assessment of the near-reflex response. This makes it a valuable tool for clinical diagnosis, research studies and investigating the effects of near work on the visual system.