Development of an Instrument to Evaluate the Intake of Liquids, Food and Supplements in Endurance Competitions: Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions—NIQEC
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Título: | Development of an Instrument to Evaluate the Intake of Liquids, Food and Supplements in Endurance Competitions: Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions—NIQEC |
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Autor/es: | Jiménez-Alfageme, Rubén | Campodónico, M. Emilia | Sospedra, Isabel | Gimenez-Monzo, Daniel | García-Jaén, Miguel | Juliá-Sanchis, Rocío | Ausó-Monreal, Eva | Martínez Sanz, José Miguel |
Grupo/s de investigación o GITE: | Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición (ALINUT) | Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation / Atención centrada en la persona e innovación en resultados de salud (PCC-HOI) | Salud Pública | Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology (HEALTH-TECH) |
Centro, Departamento o Servicio: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Didáctica General y Didácticas Específicas | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía |
Palabras clave: | Questionnaire | Endurance sports | Nutritional intake | Gastrointestinal complaints | Development |
Fecha de publicación: | 19-abr-2023 |
Editor: | MDPI |
Cita bibliográfica: | Jiménez-Alfageme R, Campodónico ME, Sospedra I, Giménez-Monzo D, García-Jaén M, Juliá-Sanchís R, Ausó E, Martínez-Sanz JM. Development of an Instrument to Evaluate the Intake of Liquids, Food and Supplements in Endurance Competitions: Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions—NIQEC. Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081969 |
Resumen: | Background: In the last few years endurance sports have experienced a great increase in the number of competitions and participants. Dietary-nutritional planning is key for performing well during such competitions. To date, there is no questionnaire expressly developed to be able to analyze the consumption of liquids, foods, and supplements, as well as gastrointestinal problems in these events. This study describes the development of the Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions (NIQEC). Methods: The study was composed in the following phases: (1) Bibliographic search for the most important nutrients, (2) focus groups (17 dietitian-nutritionists and 15 experienced athletes) and generation of items, (3) Delphi surveys, and (4) cognitive interviews. Results: After an initial shaping of the questionnaire with the items that emerged in the focus groups, their relevance was evaluated by means of the Delphi survey, which showed more than 80% approval for most items. Finally, the cognitive interviews indicated that the questionnaire was simple and complete for its purpose. The final NIQEC (n = 50 items) was divided in 5 sections: Demographic data; sports data; consumption of liquids, food and supplements before, during, and after the competition; gastrointestinal complaints, and dietary-nutritional planning for the competition. Conclusions: The NICEQ is a useful tool that allows collecting information from participants on sociodemographic factors and gastrointestinal complaints, and estimating the intake of liquid, food, and supplements, for endurance competitions. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/133820 |
ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
DOI: | 10.3390/nu15081969 |
Idioma: | eng |
Tipo: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Derechos: | © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Revisión científica: | si |
Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081969 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | INV - SP - Artículos de Revistas INV - ALINUT - Artículos de Revistas INV - HEALTH-TECH - Artículos de Revistas INV - PCC-HOI - Artículos de Revistas |
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