Air Quality Monitoring for Preventive Conservation of the Built Heritage Deteriorated by Salt Crystallization
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Title: | Air Quality Monitoring for Preventive Conservation of the Built Heritage Deteriorated by Salt Crystallization |
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Authors: | Benavente, David | Pla, Concepción | Gil-Oncina, Sara | Ruiz, Maria Candela | Blanco-Quintero, Idael Francisco | Huesca Tortosa, José Antonio | Spairani-Berrio, Yolanda | Sánchez Moral, Sergio |
Research Group/s: | Petrología Aplicada | Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental (INGHA) | Grupo de Investigación en Restauración Arquitectónica de la Universidad de Alicante. GIRAUA-CICOP |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas |
Keywords: | Radon | Salt weathering | Geochemical modelling | Wavelets | Geogenic radon potential |
Issue Date: | 29-Aug-2022 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Citation: | Benavente D, Pla C, Gil-Oncina S, Ruiz MC, Blanco-Quintero IF, Huesca-Tortosa JA, Spairani-Berrio Y, Sanchez-Moral S. Air Quality Monitoring for Preventive Conservation of the Built Heritage Deteriorated by Salt Crystallization. Geosciences. 2022; 12(9):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090325 |
Abstract: | The Santo Domingo Diocesan School (Orihuela, SE Spain) is a singular case study that relates air quality monitoring and stone conservation. The monument suffers severe damage due to salt crystallization by rising damp, which is related to the indoor environment dynamics, high groundwater salt content, and microstructure, the building’s porous stone (biocalcarenite). Results revealed that 222Rn concentration in indoor air is low due to the building’s high ventilation rate, despite the medium-low geogenic radon potential in the area. Wavelets analysis showed that ventilation is caused by outdoor and indoor temperature variations and directly affects the 222Rn and CO2 dynamics inside the church. CO2, as well as relative humidity (RH), presented periodicities with intermediate frequencies (5–8 days) related to visits. These RH and temperature (T) variations intensified the salt damage by increasing the frequency of dissolution-crystallization cycles. The mineralogical characterization and geochemical calculations concluded that chlorides (halite and sylvite), sulfates (thenardite, epsomite, hexahydrite and aphthitalite) and nitrates (niter) present from dissolution forms to whiskers and hopper-type morphologies. This indicates high saturation values and, therefore, higher crystallization pressure values within the porous media of the biocalcarenite. On the contrary, the near-equilibrium crystal shape and incongruent precipitation reaction for humberstonite suggest a lower alteration for this salt on the building stone. |
Sponsor: | This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities [grant number RTI2018-099052-BI00], and Regional Governments of Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) [grant number AICO/2020/175] and Madrid (Spain) [Top Heritage, grant number S2018/NMT-4372]. A pre-doctoral research fellowship (PRE2019-088294) was awarded to S.G.O. for the project RTI2018-099052-BI00. A pre-doctoral research fellowship (GRISOLIAP/2020/124) was awarded to M.C.R. by the Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/126172 |
ISSN: | 2076-3263 |
DOI: | 10.3390/geosciences12090325 |
Language: | eng |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Rights: | © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090325 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - PETRA - Artículos de Revistas INV - IngHA - Artículos de Revistas INV - GIRAUA-CICOP - Artículos de Revistas |
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Benavente_etal_2022_Geosciences.pdf | 5,21 MB | Adobe PDF | Open Preview | |
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