Determination of cadmium in used engine oil, gasoline and diesel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
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Title: | Determination of cadmium in used engine oil, gasoline and diesel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction |
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Authors: | Aguirre Pastor, Miguel Ángel | Canals, Antonio | López-García, Ignacio | Hernández-Córdoba, Manuel |
Research Group/s: | Espectroscopía Atómica-Masas y Química Analítica en Condiciones Extremas |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Materiales |
Keywords: | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction | Magnetic ionic liquid | Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry | Engine oil | Gasoline | Diesel |
Knowledge Area: | Química Analítica |
Issue Date: | 1-Dec-2020 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Talanta. 2020, 220: 121395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121395 |
Abstract: | In this study, a sensitive and matrix-effect free analytical method for Cd determination in engine oils and fuel samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry has been successfully developed. The extractant solvent used for the microextraction procedure was a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) (i.e., bis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrathiocyanatocobaltate (II) [Emim]2[Co(SCN)4]), which presents a paramagnetic property, and allows an easy phase separation using a magnet. In order to eliminate the well-known drawbacks of direct introduction of MIL in the graphite furnace, a back-extraction procedure was performed to transfer the analyte into an aqueous phase. The main experimental factors affecting the extraction of Cd (i.e., amount of sample and MIL, extraction and back-extraction time and concentration and amount of nitric acid) were optimized using a multivariate analysis consisting in two steps: a Plackett-Burman design followed by a circumscribed central composite design. Under optimum conditions (i.e., amount of sample: 6.2 g; amount of MIL: 119 mg; extraction time: 1 min; amount of nitric acid: 200 mg; nitric acid concentration: 1 mol L-1 and back-extraction time: 1 min), the proposed analytical method was validated and successfully used to analyze three real-world samples (i.e., used engine oil, gasoline and diesel). The three samples were spiked at two levels (i.e., 10 and 20 μg kg-1 of Cd for used engine oil and 1 and 3 μg kg-1 of Cd for gasoline and diesel). RSD and recovery values were within the range of 6–11% and 95–110%, respectively. |
Sponsor: | The authors would like to thank the Spanish Government (projects n. CTQ2016-79991-R and PGC 2018-098363-100), Fundación Séneca (Project n. 19888/GERM/15) and European Union (FEDER funds) for the financial support. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/108343 |
ISSN: | 0039-9140 (Print) | 1873-3573 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121395 |
Language: | eng |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Rights: | © 2020 Elsevier B.V. |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121395 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - SP-BG - Artículos de Revistas |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Aguirre_etal_2020_Talanta_final.pdf | Versión final (acceso restringido) | 1,28 MB | Adobe PDF | Open Request a copy |
Aguirre_etal_2020_Talanta_preprint.pdf | Preprint (acceso abierto) | 599,69 kB | Adobe PDF | Open Preview |
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